What describes the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

The main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is accurately described by stating that type 1 involves a complete lack of insulin production, whereas type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin being produced. Individuals with type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, often produce insulin but their bodies cannot use it effectively (insulin resistance) or they may not produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.

This distinction highlights the different underlying mechanisms of these two forms of diabetes, making option B the correct representation of their differences. Type 1 diabetes typically arises earlier in life, but it can occur at any age, while type 2 diabetes is more commonly seen in adults, although it is increasingly being diagnosed in younger populations. The management approaches also differ significantly between the two types, with type 1 always requiring insulin therapy, while many cases of type 2 diabetes can initially be managed through lifestyle changes before medication is considered.