How does diffusion differ from active transport?

Diffusion is a fundamental process wherein molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This movement occurs spontaneously and does not require energy, as it is driven by the concentration gradient. The goal of diffusion is to achieve equilibrium, where molecules are evenly distributed.

In contrast, active transport is a process that moves molecules against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. This process does require energy, typically in the form of ATP.

Understanding the distinction between these two processes is essential, as they play pivotal roles in cellular transport mechanisms. Diffusion is a passive process relying on the natural tendency of molecules to spread out, while active transport is a structured process that involves energy expenditure to move substances where they are needed, even if that means working against the natural tendency of diffusion. This is crucial in maintaining various physiological functions in living organisms.