What is the correct order of steps in conducting an abdominal exam?

The proper order for conducting an abdominal examination aligns with the principles of physical assessment. Beginning with inspection allows the practitioner to visually assess the abdomen for any abnormalities, such as distention, discoloration, or visible masses. Following inspection, auscultation is performed to listen to bowel sounds and any vascular sounds; this step is essential to complete before manipulation of the abdomen, as palpation can alter the sounds produced.

Next, percussion is used to determine the presence of fluid, air, or masses within the abdominal cavity. This technique creates sound waves that help identify underlying structures based on the pitch and quality of the sounds produced. The final step, palpation, involves physical examination of the abdomen by touching, which helps assess for tenderness, masses, or organ size. This sequence is critical not only for accurate diagnosis but also to ensure that findings are not affected by physical manipulation earlier in the process. Thus, the answer correctly organizes these steps in a clinically effective manner.